Grounding requirements for dynamic mechanism

Hello experts,

I need some clarification regarding grounding for machine mechanisms. Based on my understanding, the requirement for Grounding/Equipotential Bonding per ANSI/ESD S6.1 is < 1.0 Ω AC impedance. In my case, the machine’s main grounding points meet this specification. However, I’ve noticed that several moving or dynamic components cannot achieve <1 Ω. Their readings are typically below 20 Ω. Some parts can be improved by adding auxiliary grounding cables to internal ground points, but others—such as rotating chuck tables or high-speed sawing blades—are difficult to ground effectively due to their motion.

My question is: Is there any ESD risk if moving mechanisms remain >1 Ω but <20 Ω, assuming these components are conductive? Do these moving parts also need to meet the <1 Ω requirement, especially components that make contact with the product—such as porous chuck tables during cutting?

In our process, PCBs may carry residual charge from previous steps. We reduce this by using ionizers before the next process, but is there still a risk if a PCB contacts machine parts that have >1 Ω grounding? To evaluate this, I performed tests for ESD events during PCB placement and removal on the chuck table, and the results showed no events.

Hello, Greetings of the day from India .

  1. You say that the Equipment earth is meeting the requirement <1 ohm
  2. You say that Moving parts may be considered as the auxiliary ground <20 ohms too meeting the requirement.
  3. You say that ionizers are used in the PCB to neutralize the residual charges
  4. You say that the test performed have not noticed any undesired result.

Viewing at the description and the process and the readings/ report you have mentioned , in general I do not foresee any issues and it does comply with the ESD S 20 20 guidelines.
If your equipment grounding is maintained properly and monitored regularly to avoid any possible leakage ,it is fine.
Suggest CV test at regular intervals and routine maintenance of the ionizers to maintain the results mentioned by you.